Margaret beauchamp jasper tudor8/25/2023 ![]() However, the Wars of the Roses had ensured that most other claimants were either dead or too weak to challenge him. ![]() If forged, that pretension was, however, unnecessary since Catherine of Valois was twice a descendant of Henry II through the Kings of Castile. The Tudors also said to be descended from Edward I through his granddaughter Eleanor of Bar, the daughter of the Count of Bar, apparently without any basis and intending to create a connection to the eralier Plantagenets. Henry VII's paternal grandfather had married the widow of Henry V, while on his mother's side (Beauforts) claimed royal blood through an illegitimate line from John of Gaunt, third son of Edward III. His claim to the throne was tenuous: it was based upon a lineage of illegitimate succession, and overlooked the fact that the Beauforts had been disinherited by an earlier act of attainder. The death of Richard III on Bosworth Field effectively ended the long-running Wars of the Roses between the two houses, although it was not the final battle Henry had to fight. Though outnumbered, Henry's Lancastrian forces decisively defeated the Yorkist army under Richard at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485 when several of Richard's key allies, such as the Earl of Northumberland and William and Thomas Stanley, crucially switched sides or deserted the field of battle. Henry was aware that this was his only chance to seize the throne since Richard had reinforcements that waited in Nottingham and Leicester and thus had only to avoid being killed in order to keep the throne. He amassed an army of around 5,000 soldiers and travelled north. Wales had traditionally been a Yorkist stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his ancestry, being directly descended, through his father, from the Lord Rhys. Having gained the support of the in-laws of the late Yorkist King Edward IV, he landed with a largely French and Scottish force in Mill Bay, Pembrokeshire, and marched into England, accompanied by his uncle, Jasper Tudor, and the experienced John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. He was welcomed by the French court, who readily supplied him with troops and equipment for a second invasion. Richard III attempted to ensure his return through a treaty with the Breton authorities, but Henry was alerted and escaped to France. With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II, Duke of Brittany, Henry made an unsuccessful attempt to land in England but turned back after encountering Richard III's (1483–85) forces on the Dorset coast. After the failure of the revolt of his second cousin, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, in 1483, Henry Tudor became the leading Lancastrian contender for the throne of England. When the Yorkist Edward IV returned to the throne in 1471, Henry was forced to flee to Brittany, where he was to spend most of the next fourteen years. His father died two months before he was born, which meant that the young Henry spent much of his life with his uncle, Jasper Tudor. Henry was born at Pembroke Castle, in Wales, in 1457, and he was the only son of Edmund Tudor and Lady Margaret Beaufort. ![]() Henry allied with the Habsburg empire as a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Henry VII ( Janu– April 21, 1509), King of England, Lord of Ireland ( Aug– April 21, 1509), was the founder and first patriarch of the Tudor dynasty. Related subjects: British History 1500 and before (including Roman Britain) British History 1500-1750 Monarchs of Great Britain Henry VII
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